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There are no formal Bilateral relations between the government of Israel and the Republic of Niger. Diplomatic relations between the countries were active between the independence of Niger in 1960 and 1973. Relations were renormalised in 1996, but terminated by Niger in 2002. There are no special travel or trade restrictions between citizens of the nations. ==Previous relations== Niger obtained independence from France in 1960, and at the time established relations with the government of Israel, although Niger never established a permanent mission there. During the early 1960s, several Israeli development programmes, mostly concerned with exchange of experts in agricultural development in arid regions, were established in Niger. The Israeli government also helped in the founding of the Young Pioneers of Niger, a national youth and civil group. In the mid 1960s, Niger opened an embassy in Israel.〔Joel Peters. Israel and Africa: The Problematic Friendship. I.B.Tauris, (1992) ISBN 1-870915-10-0 p.17, 34–38, passim〕 Following the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, Nigerien popular and government feelings toward Israel cooled. The Israeli government for its part disapproved of Niger's closer relations with Libya, beginning in 1969. The continued Israeli conflict with its neighbors, increased pressure from allies like Libya, and the movement of a number of African nations in a similar direction, caused the Republic of Niger to formally end all diplomatic relations with the government of Israel on 1 January 1973. Arab, African, and non-aligned organisations had made a number of moves towards breaking relations with Israel following 1967, and these continued in the early 1970s. The Organization of African Unity (OAU) at its summit meeting in June 1972 went beyond its 1971 criticism of Israel in unanimously calling for a virtual UN arms embargo of Israel. That same year, Uganda broke diplomatic relations with Israel in March; Chad followed in November. Israel announced on December 25 the closing of its embassies in Niger and the Republic of the Congo "for budgetary and administrative reasons", leaving only non-resident accreditation in these two countries. The Congo reacted by severing relations completely, denouncing Israeli policies as "imperialist and expansionist". Niger also severed relations completely, the ruling Niger Progressive Party called Israeli representation in Niamey "inappropriate."〔(United States government Research Study RAAS-1 Prepared in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, January 26, 1973 ), released as part of the documents on Foreign Relations, 1969–1976, Volume E-6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976, retrieved 2009-02-21. This document, produced by the United States federal government for official business, is consequently in the Public Domain. Some verbatim extracts are used here.〕 The official Nigerien policy of a break on relations was announced on 1 January 1973,〔John E. Jessup. An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996. Greenwood Publishing Group, (1998) ISBN 0-313-28112-2 p. 528〕 to go into effect on 4 January.〔 Several other of Niger's neighbours severed relations at the same time, including Mali ( 4 January 1973: continues to have no relations with Israel) and Nigeria (which reestablished relations in 1992).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Israel–Niger relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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